What is the development of Yellow (Orange)?

Reviewing the development of new colorants, we can see that the first is to make progress on yellow colorants.

First, the orange Zr-Y-V, or vanadium zirconium yellow, was developed. It solid a small amount of Y2O3 into ZrO2. Keep ZrO2 monoclinic crystal. It is formed by adsorption of vanadium on the surface of monoclinic ZrO2 primitive crystal. Ti-Cr-Sb color is reacted in rutile type TiO2 in the following non-equivalent ion replacement form: Cr³⁺ + Sb⁵⁺ ⇋2Ti₄²⁺, use the same spinel Cr³⁺ Sb⁵⁺ O^2-₄ and TiO2 reaction (including Cr³⁺ and Sb⁵⁺ randomly distributed in the position of the Ti⁴⁺ of TiO2 rutile type, replacement part of Ti⁴⁺), thus form the inequitable displacement solution (total price remain unchanged in the process of replacement).

And CrSbO4 produces Sb2O4 (rhubarb crystal) during decomposition, just like the gray material. In the form of Sb³⁺ +Sb⁵⁺ ⇋2Ti⁴⁺, it was dissolved in TiO2. The color of Ti-Cr-Sb system can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the amount of Sb.

Ti-Cr-W is the color material, which is also in rutile type TiO2. It uses non-equivalent ion replacement such as Cr2WO6 2Cr³⁺ + W⁶⁺ ⇋3Ti⁴⁺, which is also rutile type. But the total electronic valence remains unchanged. A nonequivalent replacement solid solution is formed.